Karine L. Toussaint, Ph.D.
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Self care through crafting

6/11/2014

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As my clients can attest to, I often talk to them about self-care through pleasurable activities or hobbies. I encourage them to think about what used to put a smile on their face before they became depressed or plagued with stress, and tell them that they should try to include it in their life again. I tell them it's important to do this even if they aren't experiencing their usual positive reaction to it right away. I explain how our brains release dopamine when we do something pleasurable, and even if our hobby doesn't make us as happy as it used to, they're getting a small release of dopamine just doing it. Each tiny burst of dopamine then adds up to some non-medication anti-depressants. We talk about movies, music, crafts, nature walks, bike rides, reading, cooking, and even meditating, depending on what people prefer. 

Sometimes this leads to a discussion on how getting into an activity can be like meditating, which is especially useful for those of us who don't do well with sitting in silence as a classic form of meditation. We talk about the concept of "flow" as first described by Dr. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (though never remember how to say his name correctly). An oversimplification of the flow concept may be that as we engage in a hobby or activity and get engrossed in it, the rest of the world takes a backseat and we are actually getting the benefits of meditation even though we aren't "meditating" in the traditional sense. It's a beautiful concept, and one that many clients admit having experienced. It's being mindful, peaceful, and focused through our activity, giving ourselves a dopamine boost to boot.

An article recently came out on CNN.com that actually supports these discussions with science! In March 2014 (updated January 2015), Jacque Wilson published the article "This is your brain on crafting" and discusses the research that supports the benefits of crafting on the brain, well-being, happiness and aging. Dr. Csikszentmihalyi and flow are mentioned, as is dopamine. It's interesting to note that the emphasis is on creative activities in this article, though reading and playing games are also mentioned as good for the brain.

Now you have an excuse to try that new recipe, new pattern, or new craft, beyond what I may suggest you do! Do it for you, do it for your brain, or do it for your family - you will all benefit from you feeling better.
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Healthy Sleep Facts

2/5/2014

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This weekend I had the pleasure to attend Dr. Catherine Schuman’s fascinating presentation “Integrating Sleep Management Into Clinical Practice” at the annual Massachusetts Psychological Association conference. Dr. Schuman was the Director of of Behavioral Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Training at Cambridge Health Alliance, Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School, and has been an expert on sleep for many years. I wanted to share with you some of the very interesting facts she talked to us about, and hope this will motivate you to stop shortchanging yourself on sleep.

  • Insufficient sleep is associated with mood and cognitive disturbances, behavioral and academic problems, the onset of diabetes, lowered metabolism, high levels of cortisol, and increased hunger paired with a decreased ability to burn calories (how cruel!), among other things. (For more info you can also watch the 60 Minutes video from my previous post.)

  • We go through 3 stages of sleep - the first lasts just a few seconds or minutes and is the transition to sleeping. The second is a sounder sleep. And the third stage is the “deep” sleep we all need to recuperate and heal. If are deprived of our deep sleep, as you saw in the 60 Minutes video, we can get into big big trouble.

  • Until the age of 3, humans have a 50 minute sleep cycle. This means that infants and toddlers will go through a full round of sleep stages and then wake up every 50 minutes. Children 6 years old and older, as well as adults, have a sleep cycle of 90 minutes. Do the math and that means that if we wake up to soothe our infants and toddlers every time they wake up during the night, we will never reach our stage 3 sleep!! Take-away lesson? Train your infants early to self-soothe and fall asleep on their own so that you only need to get up when they need to eat or be changed. Tip: don’t train them to fall asleep in your arms! When they get drowsy and start nodding off, put them to bed.

  • How much sleep do we need? Newborns need 10-19 hrs every 24 hrs. Infants need 9-10 hrs/night, plus 3-4 hrs/day in naps. Toddlers need 9.5-10.5 hrs/night plus 2-3 hrs/day in naps. Preschoolers and 6-12 year olds need 9-10 hrs/night. Adolescents need 9-9.5 hrs/night. And finally, adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night.  

  • Clients tell me over and over that they have adapted to having less than 7 hrs/night of sleep, but ALL the research out there says humans cannot function on less than 7 hrs in the long term. If you try to do it for more than a couple days in a row, your body will begin to show the signs of sleep deprivation and you will begin to suffer - physically and mentally. If you don’t get your deep sleep regularly, your body will reset itself and make you sleep, and all you can do is hope it’s not while you’re driving or in a meeting with your boss.

  • Some medications and substances will disrupt your sleep: alcohol, caffeine, diet pills, Ritalin, steroids, albuterol, theophylline, quinidine, and many others. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to see if your meds are the problem, and limit your alcohol and caffeine intake.


So ask yourself - are you drowsy or overtired during the day? Do you have problems going to sleep or staying asleep? Do you snore or have any unusual behaviors during the night? Do you wake up gasping for breath? Do you fall asleep easily during quiet moments in the day time? If you’ve answered yes to even one question, you may have a sleep problem. I encourage you to take this seriously, talk to a professional, and make time in your schedule for sleep, just as you would for healthy diets and exercise.

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The terrible impact of sleep deprivation

1/1/2014

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As a society, many of us strive to sleep less in order to achieve more. With work, relationships, children, chores, errands and commuting, we believe we just don’t have enough time in our day to sleep. However, we also don’t realize the terrible negative effect cumulative sleep deprivation is having on our physical and mental health!  

I’ve had countless clients tell me they’re fine sleeping 4-7 hours a night, and have “adapted” to living with little sleep. Yet here they are, in my office, anxious, depressed, overweight, and/or physically ill. It seems they don’t realize how truly devastating it is to our bodies when we don’t make the time to sleep.

In March 2008, the CBS show 60 Minutes did an excellent exposé on the effects of sleep deprivation.  I really encourage you to watch it:
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-science-of-sleep/. It’s only 25 minutes long, and shows the research that has been done on the impact of sleep on cognitive abilities, learning, reaction times, appetite, diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and sex.  

The findings are truly sobering, and I hope it will help you realize that you absolutely need to make time for sleep in your schedule, no matter how much you have on your plate. If you don’t sleep, you really will pay for it dearly.
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Tool to kick start the relaxation response

10/2/2013

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Many clients come to me with a lot of anxiety, panic attacks, difficulty falling asleep, or feeling keyed up. One of the things we talk about is the "stress response" and its effects on the body - both short term and long term. Then we talk about how to induce the "relaxation response" and how controlling your breathing can achieve that. I've decided to share my handout on this breathing technique so you can use it too.

Breathing exercise to trigger the relaxation response

As you learn how to use this technique, it is helpful to find a comfortable place to sit where you can close your eyes. Once you’ve mastered this technique and are able to trigger the relaxation response through breathing, you will be able to use it anytime and anywhere.

Second, it is also helpful to visualize a place that feels safe and peaceful to you so that while you are trying to calm yourself down, you have a place you can imagine yourself in. For example, you could be lounging on a beach watching the waves, hiking through a forest, sitting atop a mountain, or hiding under the sheets in your bed. Any scenario works as long as it’s your safe space.

Third, some people also benefit from thinking of some positive thoughts or positive statements while they do this breathing exercise. It is not unusual for our minds to wander back to whatever is making us anxious, so you can use these positive thoughts to redirect your attention back to your breathing. For example, if you’re worrying that you’ll never calm down, or that the breathing won’t help, replace those thoughts with positive ones such as “this too shall pass,” or “I am in control,” or “calm calm calm.” 

Finally, as you breathe, try to keep your breathing smooth and try to breathe using your whole abdomen - lungs and belly. When we are anxious, our body breathes shallow and only from the lungs, so placing a hand on your belly to remind yourself to take full breaths is helpful.

So here is the exercise: close your eyes, think of your safe place, and breathe in slowly while counting in your head. When your lungs and belly are comfortably full, breathe out slowly to the same count. How deep the breath is doesn’t matter - it will naturally get deeper as the relaxation response kicks in - don’t waste energy worrying about that. All that matters is that the breath in is the same length as the breath out. 

Don’t worry if it seems too complicated to do all at the same time - the visualizing and the positive thinking and the counting. Use whichever aspects of this exercise work for you. Some people don’t need to count, and some people are distracted by the visualizing. Some people combine these together, like counting with a positive thought “one calm two calm three calm.” These are guidelines to help you figure out what will work for you.

I recommend practicing this twice a day - once when you get up, or sometime during the day, and once before bed. The more you practice it, the easier it’ll become, and this will be a tool you can use in any stressful, anxiety provoking, or angering situation from here on out.  

Please don’t hesitate to let me know if you have any questions or concerns about this technique.
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